OSLIS :: APA Citation Maker

Book [0 - Multiple Authors]

Example - no author:

The American renaissance. (2004). Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House.

Example - 1 author:

Lee, H. (1982). To kill a mockingbird. New York, NY: Warner Books.

Example - 2 authors:

Reilly, M. J., & Jermyn, L. (2004). Mexico (2nd ed.). 
           New York, NY: Marshall.

Example - more than 7 authors:

Author1, A. A., Author2, B. B., Author3, C. C., Author4, D. D., 
           Author5, E. E., Author6, F. F., ... FinalAuthor, G. G. (2010). 
           This is a made-up book title: No joke. Portland, OR: 
           Multnomah Press.

Author Name(s) (if given):

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Publication Year: ( ).
Book Title:
Edition (if given) : ( ). (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: : (If not in U.S., change state abbrev. to country name.)
Publisher: .

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Book [1 - Multiple Editors]

Example - 1 editor:

Bevington, D. (Ed.). (2008). The complete works of Shakespeare
           (6th ed.). New York, NY: Longman.

Example - 2 editors:

Schlager, N. & Weisblatt, J. (Eds.). (2006). Alternative energy
           (Vols 1-3). Detroit, MI: Gale.

Example - more than 7 editors:

Editor1, A. A., Editor2, B. B., Editor3, C. C., Editor4, D. D., 
           Editor5, E. E., Editor6, F. F., ... FinalEditor, G. G. (2010). 
           This is a made-up book title: No joke. Portland, 
           OR: Multnomah Press.

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Publication Year: ( ).
Book Title:
Edition (if given) : ( ). (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: : (If not in U.S., change state abbrev. to country name.)
Publisher: .

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Print - Author & Editor

Example:

Gibbs, J. T. (2001). Books for children of all ages
           (F. W. Hudson, Ed.). New York, NY: Dover.

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year: ( ).
Book Title:
Edition (if given) : ( ). (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)

Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: ( , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .)

Place of Publication: , (city)
State: : (If not in U.S., change state abbrev. to country name.)
Publisher: .

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Print - Anthology or Story Collection

Example:

Medina, P. (1994). The secret. In L. M. Carlson (Ed.), Cool salsa: 
           Bilingual poems on growing up Latino in the United States 
           (p. 48). New York, NY: Holt.

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year: ( ).
Article/Story Title : .

Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Book Title:
Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume (if given): ,
Pages:
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: : (If not in U.S., change state abbrev. to country name.)
Publisher: .

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Print - Book Chapter or Essay Republished in a Collection

APA instructs you to use secondary sources "sparingly," like when the original source is out of print or you cannot easily access the original source.

According to APA, you should include the secondary source, with no reference to the original one, in your reference list. Then, in your paper, identify the original work and give an in-text citation for the secondary source.

Ask your teacher if you should use that approach or the one used on this template, which is to include the information about both the original and secondary sources for the citation in the reference list.

Example:

Flowers, B. S. (1997). Wrestling with the mother and father: 'His' and 'her' 
           in Adrienne Rich. In D. Smith (Ed.), Contemporary literary 
           criticism (Vol. 104, pp. 430-444). Detroit, MI: Gale. 
           (Reprinted from Private voices, public lives: Women speak 
           on the literary life, pp. 54-63, by N. O. Nelson, Ed., 1995, 
           Denton: University of North Texas Press)

Secondary Source Information

(This is the book that you read.)

Author(s) of Chapter/Essay (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year : (
of Secondary Source ).
Chapter/Essay Title: .

Book Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Secondary Source Title:
Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume: (if given)
Pages:
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: :
(If out of U.S., replace abbreviation for state with entire name for country.)
(When the state or province is already identified in the name of the publisher, leave the State field blank.)

Publisher: .

Original Source Information
(This is the book in which the chapter or essay was first published, but it is not the book you read.)

Book Title:
Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume: (if given)
Pages:

Book Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year:
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: :
(If out of U.S., replace abbreviation for state with entire name for country.)
(When the state or province is already identified in the name of the publisher, leave the State field blank.)

Publisher:

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Print - Journal Article Republished in a Collection

APA instructs you to use secondary sources "sparingly," like when the original source is out of print or you cannot easily access the original source.

According to APA, you should include the secondary source, with no reference to the original one, in your reference list. Then, in your paper, identify the original work and give an in-text citation for the secondary source.

Ask your teacher if you should use that approach or the one used on this template, which is to include the information about both the original and secondary sources for the citation in the reference list.

Example:

Spilka, M. (1982). Of George and Lennie and Curley’s wife: Sweet violence 
           in Steinbeck’s Eden. In D. Smith (Ed.), Contemporary literary 
           criticism (Vol. 104, pp. 430-444). Detroit, MI: Gale. (Reprinted 
           from Modern Fiction Studies, 1974, 20, 169-180)

Secondary Source Information

(This is the book that you read.)

Author Name(s) for Journal Article (if given):

Click to add Authors

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year : (
of Secondary Source ).
Article Title: .

Editor Name(s) for Book (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Secondary Source Title:
Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume: (if given)
Pages:
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: :
(If out of U.S., replace abbreviation for state with entire name for country.)

Publisher: .

Original Source Information
(This is the journal in which the article was first published.)

Journal Title: ,
Publication Year:
Volume (if given):
Issue: (if given): [ ],
(Only list the issue number if every issue of the journal starts with page 1.)

Pages:

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Print - Encyclopedia/Reference Work

Example - encyclopedia, with author:

Gillingham, J. (2008). Norman conquest. In The world book 
           encyclopedia (Vol. 14, pp. 455-456). Chicago, IL: World Book.

Example - dictionary, no author:

Pharaoh. (2003). In Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary
           (11th ed., p. 928). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year: ( ).
Article Title: .

Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Reference Book Title:
Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume (if given): ,
Pages:
Place of Publication: , (city)
State: : (If not in U.S., change state abbrev. to country name.)
Publisher: .

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Print - Magazine or Scholarly Journal Article

Example - scholarly journal:

Noland, H., Price, J. H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S. K. (2009). 
           Adolescents' sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. 
           Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-230.

Example - magazine:

Fitzpatrick, L. (2010, July 12). How we fail our female vets. 
           Time, 176(2), 42-45.

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date - Year: (
(For journals, only include the year.) Month: Day: ).
Article Title: .
Magazine or Scholarly :
Journal Title ,
Volume (if given):
Issue: ( ),
(Only list the issue number if every issue of the journal starts with page 1.)

Pages: .

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Print - Newspaper Article

Example - newspaper article:

Fuller, T. (2010, July 13). Old bones yield a new age of dinosaurs. 
           The New York Times, pp. A10, A12.

Example - letter to the editor:

Mattick, M. (2010, July 4). Defending the all-American tart 
           [Letter to the editor]. The Register-Guard, p. G2.

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Issue Date:

Year: ( Month: Day: ).
Article Title: .
Letter to the editor
Complete Newspaper Title: ,
Pages: . (ex: A1, A4-A5)

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Online Databases - Encyclopedia/Reference Work

Example - author, no editor:

Rogers, F. (2005). Southern flying squirrel. In Encyclopedia of animals.
           Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com

Example - editor, no author:

Eating disorders. (2008). In K. L. Lerner & B. W. Lerner (Eds.), Gale 
           encyclopedia of science (4th ed.). Retrieved from 
           http://find.galegroup.com

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year: ( ). (If not available, add n.d.)
Article Title: .

Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Reference Book Title: .

Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume (if given): ,
Pages (if given):

DOI:
(A DOI, or a digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters that always starts with 10 and may be assigned to a book by the publisher. If you know the DOI, skip the URL field below.)

Reference Book URL:
(If you cannot determine the DOI, list the reference book's home page URL.)

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Online Databases - Magazine or Scholarly Journal Article

Example - magazine, no DOI:

Hosenball, M. (2010, July 19). Spying a real payday. Newsweek, 
           156(3), 12. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/

Example - journal, with DOI:

Rowena, J. & Collins, C. (2010). Can we treat our way out of HIV? 
           AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 26, 1-4. 
           doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0267

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date - Year: (
(For journals, only include the year.) Month: Day: ).
Article Title: .
Magazine or Scholarly Journal Title: ,
Volume (if given):
Issue (if given): ( ),
(Only list the issue number if every issue of the journal starts with page 1.)

Pages (if given): .

DOI:
(A DOI, or a digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters that always starts with 10 and is assigned to an article by the publisher. If you know the DOI, skip the URL field below.)

Magazine / Journal URL:
(If you cannot determine the DOI, list the magazine or journal's home page URL.)

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Online Databases - Newspaper Article

Example:

Schwartz, J. (2010, July 20). Liability at issue in oil flow rate in Gulf. 
         The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Example - letter to the editor:

Verley, B. (2010, July 16). Cutting all the trees [Letter to the editor]. 
         The Daily Astorian. Retrieved from http://www.dailyastorian.com/

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date - Year: ( Month: Day: ).
Article Title: .
Letter to the editor
Newspaper Title: .

Newspaper URL:
(List the newspaper's home page URL, not the URL for the database.)

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Internet - Web Page

APA instructs you not to include a general website in your reference list but to include the URL and website name in the text of your paper.

Ask your teacher whether or not to include a general website in your reference list. If you do, use the following examples as guidelines.

Example - general website, author unknown, content not likely to change often:

Crater Lake National Park. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Park Service 
           website: http://www.nps.gov/crla/

Example - personal website, known author, content likely to change often:

Donohue, J. (n.d.). John Donohue's national park photos: Crater 
           Lake National Park. Retrieved July 27, 2010, from
           http://www.jdonohue.com/parks/crater_lake/crater_lake.html

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date: (If not available, add n.d. in the Year box.)
Year: ( , Month: Day: ).

Web Page Title: .

Date Accessed: (Only include if information is likely to change, like on Wikis and personal websites.)
Year: Month: Day:
Website Sponsor/Publisher:
(if known) :
URL:

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Internet - Encyclopedia/Reference Work

Example - encyclopedia, with author:

Schloss, J. P. (2003). Symbiosis. In Encyclopedia of science 
           and religion. Retrieved from
           http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404200494.html

Example - dictionary, no author, no known publication date:

Symbiosis. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved from
            http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/symbiosis

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year: ( ). (If not available, add n.d.)
Article Title: .

Editor Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Reference Book Title: .
Edition (if given): ( ). (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)

DOI:
(A DOI, or a digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters that always starts with 10 and may be assigned to a book by the publisher. If you know the DOI, skip the URL field below.)

Reference Book URL:
(If you cannot determine the DOI, list the full URL that leads to the article.)

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Internet - Magazine or Scholarly Journal Article

Example - magazine, no DOI:

O'Malley, C. (2000, March). It's an Internet world. Popular Science, 256(3), 
           47-51. Retrieved from http://www.popsci.com/archives

Example - journal, with DOI:

Hubbard, R. E., Andrew, M. K., & Rockwood, K. (2009). Effect of parental 
           age at birth on accumulation of deficits, frailty and survival
           in older adults. Age and Ageing, 38, 380-385. 
           doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date - Year: (
(For journals, only include the year.) Month: Day: ).
Article Title: .
Magazine or Scholarly Journal Title: .
Volume (if given):
Issue (if given): ( ),
(Only list the issue number if every issue of the journal starts with page 1.)

Pages (if given): .

DOI:
(A DOI, or a digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters that always starts with 10 and is assigned to an article by the publisher. If you know the DOI, skip the URL field below.)

Magazine / Journal URL:
(If you cannot determine the DOI, list the magazine or journal's home page URL.)

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Internet - Newspaper Article

Example:

Prior, A. (2010, August 8). How to tame college costs: It's not just 
           tuition. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from 
           http://online.wsj.com

Example - letter to the editor:

Donofrio, J. (2010, August 16). Get a transportation plan, Oregon 
           [Letter to the editor]. The Oregonian. Retrieved from 
           http://www.oregonlive.com

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date - Year: ( Month: Day: ).
Article Title: .
Letter to the editor
Newspaper Title: .

Newspaper URL:
(List the newspaper's home page URL, not the URL to the actual article.)

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Internet - eBook

Example - eBook with DOI:

Skloot, R. (2010). The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks 
           [Kindle iPad version]. doi:10.1036/007142363X

Example - chapter in eBook, no DOI:

Ngaruko, F., & Nkurunziza, J. D. (2005). Civil war and its duration in 
           Burundi. In P. Collier & N. Sambanis (Eds.), Understanding 
           civil war (Africa): Evidence and understanding [Adobe Digital 
           Editions version] (Vol. 1, pp. 35 - 62). Retrieved from 
           http://ebooks.ebookmall.com/ebook/194653-ebook.htm

Example - eBook never published in print, no DOI:

TenDam, H. (n.d.). Politics, civilization, & humanity. Retrieved 
           from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=201

Author Name(s) (if given):

Click to add Authors

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Year: ( ). (If not available, add n.d.)
Chapter Title: .
(Only use if not citing the entire book.)

Editor Name(s) (if given):

Click to add Editors

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

eBook Title: .
Version (if given): [ ]
(ex: Adobe Digital Editions)
(If you know this eBook was not published in print form, leave Version blank.)

Edition (if given): , (ex: 2nd; ex: Rev.)
Volume (if given): ,
Pages (if given): (Only include if citing a specific chapter.)

DOI:
(A DOI, or a digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters that always starts with 10 and may be assigned to a book by the publisher. If you know the DOI, skip the URL field below.)

eBook URL:
(If there is no DOI, list the full URL that leads to the eBook.)

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Internet - Online Report

Example - listed document number, author is the same as the publisher:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 
           National Eye Institute. (2003). Diabetic retinopathy: What 
           you should know (NIH Publication No. 06-2171). Retrieved from
           http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/diabetic/diabeticretino.pdf

Example - no document number, author is the same as the publisher:

Learning About Diabetes. (2008). Charlie the Carb: A story about simple 
           carb counting [Booklet]. Retrieved from
           http://www.learningaboutdiabetes.org/downloads
           /CharlieTheCarbENbw.pdf

Example - listed document number, unknown author is not the same as the publisher:

This is my made-up report title (Research Report No. 321-4). (2010). 
           Retrieved from Official Reports website: http://www.reportsurl.com

Author Name(s) (if given):

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1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Publication Date - Year: ( , Month: Day: ).
(If not available, add n.d. in the Year box.)

Report Title:
Document Identification:
(Ex: Research Report No. 09.4)
(List the type of document -- booklet, issue brief, report, etc. Follow that by the document ID number, if given.)

Report Sponsor/Publisher: :
(If the sponsor/publisher is listed as the author, leave this field blank.)

URL:

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Internet - Online Posting/Blog

Example - blog:

Goldman, J. G. (2010, August 23). To hear a mockingbird: The plight of 
         the iguana [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com
         /thoughtfulanimal/2010/08/to_hear_mockingbird_plight_of_iguana.php

Example - blog comment:

Sylvia. (2010, August 24). Re: To hear a mockingbird: The plight of the 
         iguana [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com
         /thoughtfulanimal/2010/08/to_hear_mockingbird_plight_of_iguana.php

Author Name(s) (if given):

Click to add Authors

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

(If the author only uses a screen name, enter that in the box for last name.)

Posting Date - Year: ( , Month: Day: ).
Title of Post:

Type of Post: [ ].
(Your choice may have different wording in the produced citation. For example, what we call a blog, APA calls a web log.)

Other Type: [ ].
(Use this space if your citation doesn't fit any of the choices above.)

Title of Blog/List: :
(If the title of the blog or mailing list is not identified in the URL, include it here.)

URL:

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Internet - Podcast

Example - producer is also host:

Pelletier, M. (Producer & Host). (2010, July 31). Futures in biotech 
           [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://twit.tv/fib

Example - corporate producer:

Wall Street Journal Radio Network (Producer), & Deal, G. (Host). 
            (2010, September 1). Wall Street Journal this morning 
            [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/public
            /page/podcast.html

Example - two people with same role:

Benjamin, S., & Bowlin, B. (Hosts). (2010, September 7). Car stuff 
           [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://auto.howstuffworks.com
           /carstuff-podcast.htm

Producer/Host Name(s) (if given):
(Often the host is the producer.)
(If citing a corporate producer, enter the company name in the box for last name.)

Click to add Producers/Hosts

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

1st Producer/Host Role:

Podcast Date - Year: ( , Month: Day: ).
Title of Podcast:
(Name the podcast show, not the specific episode.)

URL:
(Use the URL for the podcast show, not the one for the specific episode.)

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Other - Interview

Example - personal interview:

APA instructs users who conducted personal interviews not to include those
in the reference list. Instead, use an in-text citation in your paper and 
refer to the interview as personal communication.

Example - interview transcript, with title:

Sparkman, C. F. (1973). An oral history with Dr. Colley F. 
           Sparkman/Interviewer: O. B. Caudill. Mississippi Oral 
           History Program (Vol. 289). University of Southern 
           Mississippi, Hattiesburg.

Example - recorded interview available in an archive, no title:

Smith, M. B. (1989, August 12). Interview by C. A. Kiesler [Tape 
           recording]. President's Oral History Project, American 
           Psychological Association. APA Archives, Washington, D.C.

Example - online recorded interview, with title, no interviewer given:

Dowdy, W. (2001). Walter Dowdy collection [Video recording]. Veterans
           History Project (AFC/2001/001/20008). American Folklife Center, 
           Library of Congress. Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/vets/

Interviewee Name(s):

Click to add Interviewees

(The interviewee is the person who was interviewed.)

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Date of Interview - Year: ( , Month: Day: ).
(If not available, add n.d. in the Year box. For a transcript, only include the year.)

Title of Interview (if given) : .

Interviewer Name(s) (if given):

Click to add Interviewers

(If the interviewer's name is included in the title of the interview, leave this field blank.)

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

Type of Recording: [ ]
(Leave blank if you read an interview transcript.)
(Depending on your source, you may need to change the recording type in your citation. Ex: Real Media file)

Name of Collection (if given):
(This identifies the program that collected the interview. Sometimes the collection name will be listed in multiple parts. If so, list all parts in the same text box, but separate them with commas.)
(ex: President's Oral History Project, American Psychological Association)

Identifying Information: (ex: Box 132; ex: File 6)
(This may apply to interview transcripts more than to recorded interviews.)

Name of Repository:
(The repository is the organization or university that houses the interview.)

City of Repository: ,
State:
(If not in U.S., change state abbreviation to country name.)
(When the state is already identified in the name of the organization, leave the State field blank.)

*URL:
(If you found the transcript or recorded interview online, leave the City & State fields blank. Instead, add the URL that leads to the interview. If you did not find the interview online, leave the URL field blank.)

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Other - Music Recording

Example - featured album by a band/group:

Beatles. (1969). On Yellow submarine [Record]. Los Angeles, CA: 
           Capitol Records.

Example - featured song, songwriter is not the recording artist:

Taupin, B. (1973). Candle in the wind [Recorded by E. John]. On Goodbye
           Yellow Brick Road [CD]. Universal City, CA: Polygram Records.

Example - featured song, songwriter and recording artist are the same person, found online:

Jackson, M. (1982). Wanna be startin' somethin'. On Thriller 
           [MP3 file]. Retrieved from http://www.last.fm/music
           /Michael+Jackson/_/Wanna+Be+Startin%27+Somethin%27

Songwriter Name(s) (if given):

Click to add Songwriters

1. Last: , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .

(Leave this field blank if you are citing an entire album. When citing a specific song, if the songwriter and the recording artist are the same person, use this field instead of the Recording Artist field.)

Copyright Year: ( ).
Title of Song :
(Leave this field blank if you are citing an entire album.)

Recording Artist(s) (if given):

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1. Last: [ , First Initial: . Middle Initial: .]

(For a band or group, use the box for Last Name. Leave this field blank if the recording artist is also the songwriter.)

Title of Album:
Medium: [ ].

City of Record Label: ,
State: :
(If not in U.S., change state abbreviation to country name.)

Record Label: .

Recording Year (if known): ( )
(Only use this field if the recording year is different than the copyright year.)

*URL:
(If you found the song or album online, leave the City, State, & Record Label fields blank. Instead, add the URL that leads to the music recording. If you did not find the music online, leave the URL field blank.)

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